I have two forms. Form 1 has a single radio button field (Field ID 1393) utilizing images. Form 1 redirects upon submission to Form 2. Redirect feeds the value from Field ID 1393 in Form 1 to the first question in Form 2 titled "Account Type". using the following generally: https://.../?[if 1393]Account_Type=[1393 sanitize_url=1][/if 1393].
The issue appears to be that the value being passed is the image.

See example of the value passed in last test:  https://.../?Account_Type=%3Cdiv+class%3D%22frm_has_image_options%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22frm_show_images+frm_image_option_container+frm_image_option_size_medium+frm_label_with_image%22%3E%3Cimg+width%3D%22150%22+height%3D%22150%22+src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Frbundle.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F11%2FIcon-Professional-13.svg%22+class%3D%22attachment-thumbnail+size-thumbnail%22+alt%3D%22Provider%22+decoding%3D%22async%22+loading%3D%22lazy%22+srcset%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Frbundle.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F%2F2022%2F11%2FIcon-Professional-13.svg+150w%2C+https%3A%2F%2Frbundle.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F%2F2022%2F11%2FIcon-Professional-13.svg+300w%2C+https%3A%2F%2Frbundle.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F%2F2022%2F11%2FIcon-Professional-13.svg+1024w%2C+https%3A%2F%2Frbundle.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F%2F2022%2F11%2FIcon-Professional-13.svg+500w%22+sizes%3D%22%28max-width%3A+150px%29+100vw%2C+150px%22+%2F%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22frm_text_label_for_image%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22frm_text_label_for_image_inner%22%3EProvider%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3C%2Fdiv%3E  

Here is a brief video to demonstrate the issue: https://www.loom.com/share/3635ccae70544458a44e80f7c8988427